Apparatus and process for leeching



April 26 1927..

H. M. STARK APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR LEECHING, FILTERING, AND ABSORBINGGASES AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 24, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 n l i-.

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p H. M. STARK APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR LEECHING, FILTERING, ANDABSORBING ,GASES AND-THE LIKE Filed Feb. 24. 192s s sheets-sheet 2 bf MM ?.LJ

TTOR NE Y f/arogcl Sfar/I l INVENTOR 1 H. M. STARK APPARATUS AND PROCESSFOR LEECHING, FILTERING,

April 26 1927.

3 4v e e .n l s s .Tv e l e .n s a 5 Flled Feb 24 1925 .1l 'u I 1 i ANDABSORBING GASES AND THE LIKE I N VEN TOR. Harald/ZSaP Patented Apr, 25,1927. I

UNITE@ PATENT QFFICE.

HAROLD M. STARK. OF HIGHLAND PARK. MICHIGAN.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR LEECI-IING. FILTERING, AND ABSORBING GASES ANDTHE LIKE.

Application led February 24, 1923. Serial No. 620,926.

The invention relates to the art ot' leechgreat since it tends. as abovestated, to create ing and filtering all ent-rained substances and voidsand eddy currents that reduce the impurities from air and other gases,to the capacity of the mechanism. increase the fric- 55 art of absorbinggases in liquid solvents and tion and prevent the positive contact ofthe to the art of physical and chemical mixtures air or gas currentswith the battling surfaces and reactions and allied processes ivhcreinso placed. i the air or gas or other medium to be treated I have alsofound that there is a distance is caused to travel through a' mechanicalbatrelationship between the cross-section of the 60 fling mechanism. gascurrents and the angularity oi their Various types of mechanisms havebeen diversion in accomplishing intimate contact used heretofore forleeching` filteringand ot all the gas with the battling surfaces. Forabsorbing gases and for carrying on the instance. a stream oi containedair one other processes above mentioned. quarter inch in diameter at afvelocity of five Wet and dry lters have been used tor feet per secondwill so dili'usc when diverted many years for this purpose, in some o'tlat L115 that all ot' the air in this stream will which oil or Water isutilized to supplement malte physical Contact with the diverting a'nindiscriminate bafliing ofthe gas current surfaces before reforming totake the floiv to secure the results. So far as I am avvare through thenext contained channels ar- 70 no filter obtainable on the market7 hasbeen ranged in the general direction of fiow oit' the designed with apredetermined systematic a'ir stream.

arrangement of balliing elements so that the By arranging the battlingsurfaces in a gas Currents will take predetermined lines otprcdetern'iined systematic order s0 that the tra-vel through the filterdisseminating' the disseminated air or `gas currents will not di- 75same and avoiding troublesome voids and rectly conflict but will beguided through the eddy currents Which .interfere with the flow filterin a positive and predetermined manofthe gas. ner. all eddy currents andvoids are elimi- The principal object of my invention is to nated andthe velocity of' the medium to be provide a process for the purposesdescribed treated and the capacity of the filter will 80 in which isutilized a constructive and sysnot be all'ected. The correct amount ofdeleteinatic baffling so determined thatl the maxition .surface may thenbe utilized for varied mum volume ot the medium to be treated problemsto handle a maximum volume oit may be handled through a given area, withmedium per square toot oi iilter in each case,

a minimum of Winda'ge resistance necessary With a minimum ot resistance.85 to induce the purification or absorption re- This formulated`guidance oit' the air or 30 quired. Other objects will appear hereingascurrents develops a principle which, for after. lack ot' an existingterm, mary be called the.

I have 'found that minute currents of air cascade principle ot airdisseniination and or other gas may be handled and diverted indiversion` by means o'l' which the air or gas 90 a predetermined mannerso as to bring all is ever travellingl in its general or duct line 40 ofit into physical contact with baffling direction, and at the same timeit makes surfaces at the earliest possible moment7 intimate contact withthe correct amount of thus enabling the application ot apredeteradhesion surfaces vtor the elimination of enmined minimum ofbaffling for any particutrained substances and impurities from the 95lar duty required. I have also found that air or gas.

the angularity ot diversion ot the air or In the accompanying drawings Ihave i1- gas currents need not exceed 500 from the lustrated anembodiment ot' the process as `eneral or duct line direction ot travelot pplied to an air filter, in which Figure l is the air or gas to betreated in order to a front elevational view of' a device embody- 100produce thercentrifugal eli'ect necessary to ing the invention; Fig. 2an end elevational swirl the impurities in the air or gas to the viewotl the same; Fig. 3 a front elevational outer edges and baille surfaceset the filling vieu1 of the same with the screen removed; element. Anangularity ot is entirely too le Ll a horizontal cross-sectional View ofthe r ing the filtering elements 6.

ilter; Fig. 5 a vertical cross-sectional View of the same; Fig. 6 apla'n vievv of a blank out ot which a battery of the tiltering elementsis termed; Fig. 7 a view oit one oil" the completed `filtering elementsin batter);Y formation; 8 an end View ot the element; Fig. 9 a plan viewoit one olf the spacing members and l() an end YView et the spacingmember.

Figure ll is a perspective vievv of two oi" the battle plates merely inwhich the edgffes of' the baille oit one pla-te contact with the battleo'l the adjacent plate to 'term substantially lf-shaped spaces alongsaid edges adapted to retain viscous liquid bv capillarv attraction. the'View being restricted to a por4 tion ot said plates and being to anenlarged scale.

Figure l2 is a section on the line lQ-l oit Figure 1l.

Figure 13 is a* section on the line lil-13. three et the battle platesbeing shown on each oi said sections in place et two plates shown inFigure ll.

Figure la is a section ou the line lfb-'lli ol:l Figure 13.

l indicates aY suitable :trame open at the front and the back, and 2 and3 represent screens that may he secured over said open front and backWhen desirable to protect the ltering elements from injury. At the topand bottom oi the container are two plates 4f, each of which is formedWith a suitable number of slots 5, for spacing and support- .lhefiltering elements in the present adaptation ot' the invention areformed .in batteries as shown in 8, 4 and 5, and each battery ispretterably stamped out ot' a single sheet oi material 7 (5). the slots8 on one side oitf the sheet being staggered with respect to the slotson the other side or edge. The material between each tivo slots isturned over so that the outer edge 9 ot said material forms a semicircleand at the shoulder l0 the element has a seinrliexagon term. The severalelements l in a battery are therefore staggered with re spect to eachother or they ma)7 be arranged opposite each other or unitorn'ilj.varranged as conditions may require or it may be pret'en red to arrangethem. The sheet is then bent on its medial line l() to the desiredangle. As thus formed the several batteries ot the elements areinstalled in the container, one end ot each battery being inserted in aslot 5 of the lower plate and the opposite end being inserted in acorresponding slot in the upper plate 4.-. Preferably the batteries arestaggered in the slots with respect to each other.

Referring to Figs. t and the air entering at the 'front side ot the.trame covered by the screen guard 2, will pass through the open spacesin the irst transverse row ot battles 10 and pass directly into thecurved surfaces or channels of the battles in the next succeedingtransverse row. While the air that passes through the batlles in thelirst row is guided by the channels directly into the angular spaces orportions A et the second tans\'erse row and thence through the openspaces in said second reu' to the channels ot' the next succeedingtransverse row Where the operation is repeated. the saine proceduretaking place throughout the depth of the traine.

7Where the device used iter liltering air, the elements G will be coatedwith a. suitable oil. The bullies serve as troughs to catch all coarsedust particles and grarity'ivill tend to cause them to slide down theeil)7 surfaces. lhe troughs can lill with the particles trapped in themWithout in an)7 Wa)v intert'ering or aiiecting the efficient opera tionot the entire lilter assembly.

The serrated sides et each strip 'T shaped as above described, inaddition to providing strength and spacing facilities. creates edgesthat slightlg7 out olf parallel with the base ot the strip. rihus smallWedge-shaped gaps appear Where the baiiies touch each other. it will beobserved that these Wedge or V- shaped spaces are made between the edgesot the l'iailles on one plate and the edges and convex surfaces ot thebattles on the adjacent lplate so that there is produced a multiplicityet fluid directing batiles arranged in closelv spaced overlapping andangularl;7 disposed points in contacting relation, it being nuclei.'-stood that in certain instances it is not absolutely necessary to have apositive point Contact but. in other cases there must be substantially apoint contact. These gaps i'orin storage points tor a` surplus ot oildue to the viscosity ot the liquid. These storage reservoirs graduall)7drain as the battling becomes coated with impurities, capillaruvT attraction serving to coat the dust with the eil, and rough adhesivesun-aces throughout the filter are formed thereby Which are -l'ound moreefficient even than the snieoth surfaces et filter just put intoservice.

Each transverse row et ballie elements males contact With the precedingtransverse row and the and shape et the battles will be varied inaccordance with the work they are to perform, the cascade principle ofthe air travel and bathing being` maintained at all times. rlhc amountet baltling Will also vary with the service retpiired. although il.resistance, upkeep, cleaning expenses, ttc.. are disregarded a standardtype may be used in most cases.

in tiltering air l utilize a viscous oil because ot its atinity ttordirt, dust and other physical impurities. lllater may be used in thetoi-ming of hydroxidcs or reagents and solvents may be used ter thedeletion et paint. Yarnsh7 etc. rlibe different problems in the deletinget impurities or of absorption illu lllfi ltl titl

demand different treatment both as to the shape and extent of thebattling as well as in the compositioii of the materials utilized forthis purpose. The formulated flexibility in the battling which isevident from the forcgoing description perinits of its ready adaptationto alL die various deleting or absorption problen'is that may arise inpractice.

`For convenience in supporting the J{rana} with its battling contents a`container l2 may be used that will be fixed in position the lower edgeof the front face of the Yframe being engaged behind the car 13 and theupper side of the front being suitably locked to the container. The handgrips l-l: atford a convenient means for handling the frame.

For most uses the strips T will be bent on the line 1l so that theelements on one side of the strip will form an angle of approximatelyninety degrees with the elements on the opposite side of the strip, andhence each element will cause a divergence of the fluid current passingthrough it of approximately #150 to the general or duct line travel ofthe medium being treated7 or within the 90 of angularity above referredto.

It will be noted that by utilizing the socalled cascade principle ofsimultaneous gas dissemination and diversion through the formulate-dbaflle assembly I secure prompt nhysical contact between the gas and thebaffling elements` while enabling the multiplicity of gas streamscreated by the bafiing to maintain in a positive and formulated mannerthe gene 'al or duct line travel of the gas; and that I have madeeffective a principle of relationship between the crosssection of gascurrents and the angular-ity of their diversion for the purpose ofcoinpleting prompt and full contact of the gas with the battlingsurfaces, at the` same time eliminating the clashing of the gas eurrentsby guiding them in a predetermined manner along or within 90 of thegeneral or duct line travel of the gas or other medium to be treated.

that I claim is:

l. In a gas filter7 a pair of filter plates arranged in spaced relationside by side and baffles extending -from each of said plates toward theother plate, the battles of one plate being closely spaced with respectto the battles of the other plate to provide a multiplicity ofsubstantially V-shaped linear capillary spaces for holding amultiplicity of drops of liquid.

2. In a gas ilter, a multiplicity of layers of Y(luid directing battlesarranged in clo. ily spaced overlapping and angular-lj,v disposedrelation and substantially point contacting between layers to form amultiplicity of capillary reservoirs.

3. A gas filter having sets of series of battles, each set having edgescooperating with the battles of an adjacent set to progez-31 videsubstantially IV-shapcd reservoirs along said edges adapted to retainliquid by viscosity and distribute it by capillary action.

Ll. A gas filter having sets of series of battles, each set having edgescooperating with the battles of an adjacent set to provide.f-tubstzuitially V-shaped reservoirs along said edges adapted to retainviscous liquid supplied by capillary attraction, said reservoirs beingarranged in a delinitc order throughout the lilter.

In a gas litter, a filter plate having a longitudinal edge provided witha series of battles projecting outwardlyv therefrom.

(i. In a gas filter, a filter plate having a longitudinal edge providedwith a series of battles projecting outwardly therefrom, said battlesbeing arranged in alternate curved relation to provide a series of pairsof edges in staggered relation on opposite sides of the plate.

7. In a gas filter. a filter plate having lateral portions arranged atan angle to each other, each lateral portion having a longitudinal edgeprovided with a series of battles projecting outwardly therefrom.

In a gas filter, a filter plate having lateral portions arranged atanangle to each other, each lateral portion having a longitudinal edgeprovided with a series of baffles projecting outwardly therefrom, saidbattles being arranged in alternate curved relation to provide a seriesof pairs of edges in staggered relation on opposite sides of the plate.

9. A gas filter having a multiplicity ol contacting retainingsubstantially V-shaped capillary spaces between layers of filter platesand a viscous liquid held by its viscosity in said capillary spaces.

l0. A gas filter having a series of layers of filter plates, said filterplates being arranged to provide a multiplicity of definitely arrangedil-shaped capillary spaces between adjacent layers. said capillaryspaces having linear sides and being adapted for retaining viscousliquid, and a viscous liquid held by its viscosity in said capillaryspaces.

ll. The method of operating gas filters which consist in providing amultiplicity of liquid reservoirs between layers of directine` bafflespositioned to receive liquid from said reservoirs said reservoirs beingarranged for gradually distributing the liquid `in auton'iatieaccordance with the collection of dust particles from the gas on .saidbaffles.

l2. The method of leeching gases which consists in passing the `gas overdeleting surfaces to which adhesive liquid is supplied by capillaryaction from a multililicity of reservoirs Yformed between layers of saidsurfaces.

13. rlhe method of leeching gases which consists in passing the gas overmovable deleting surfaces to which adhesive liquid is sulljjpled bycapillary action from :L multpicy of? reservoirs formed between layersof said surfacs.

141-. The method. of leaching gases which consists in providing amllltpclny 01" reservoirs at contacting points 'Lne'hveen layers ofdeletion surfaces mld Supplied with :1, Viscous fluid, feeding the ludby capillary uctn from the resmvors to said layers of deletion Surfaces,and passing the gus over Suid sul faces.

In Witness whereof l have hefcelmio sul)` scribed my nume [hs Nth dayui' xfeljnfumfy, 1923.

HAROLI) M. S'ilkll.

